- 1 -
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
§119.24. Introduction to Horticultural Science (One-Half Credit).
(a) General requirements. This course is recommended for students in Grades 9-12.
(b) Introduction. To be prepared for careers in horticultural systems, students need to attain
academic skills and knowledge, to acquire knowledge and skills related to horticulture and
the workplace, and to develop knowledge and skills regarding career opportunities, entry
requirements, and industry expectations. To prepare for success, students need to have
opportunities to learn, reinforce, apply, and transfer their knowledge and skills and
technologies in a variety of settings.
(c) Knowledge and skills.
(1) The student learns the employability characteristics of a successful worker in the
modern workplace. The student is expected to:
(A) identify career development and entrepreneurship opportunities in the field of
horticulture;
(B) apply competencies related to resources, information, interpersonal skills, and
systems of operation in horticulture;
(C) demonstrate knowledge of personal and occupational safety practices in the
workplace;
(D) identify employers' expectations, appropriate work habits, and good
citizenship skills; and
(E) plan and conduct supervised agricultural experience programs.
(2) The student develops technical skills in dealing with horticultural plants. The student
is expected to:
(A) classify horticultural plants;
(B) propagate plants;
(C) manage the growth environment;
(D) propagate and grow horticultural plants;
(E) create floral designs;
(F) plan and establish landscapes; and
(G) know fruit, nut, and vegetable production.?- 2 -
(3) The student controls common pests of horticultural plants. The student is expected
to:
(A) identify common horticultural pests; and
(B) demonstrate safe practices in selecting, applying, storing, and disposing of
chemicals.
(4) The student demonstrates marketing and management skills used in the operation of
horticultural businesses. The student is expected to:
(A) identify and maintain hand and power tools and equipment;
(B) select appropriate tools and equipment;
(C) identify options and opportunities for business ownership; and
(D) know the role of small business in free enterprise.?- 3 -
INTRODUCTION TO HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES
AGRISCIENCE 261
Units and Topics of Instruction
Suggested
Hours of
Instruction
§119.24
TEKS
Alignment to
Curriculum
Material
A. Employability Characteristics of a
Successful Worker in the Modern
Workplace
10
1. Career Development Relating to
Entrepreneurship and Employment
Opportunities
2 (c)(1)(A)
(c)(1)(D)
(c)(4)(C)
(c)(4)(D)
8000, 8178-A
2. Resource Allocation 1 (c)(1)(B) 8000
3. Information Processing 1 (c)(1)(B) 8000
4. Interpersonal Relations 1 (c)(1)(B) 8000
5. Social, Organizational, and
Technological Systems
1 (c)(1)(B) 8000
6. Selection and Application of
Technology
1 (c)(1)(B) 8000
7. Personal and Occupational Safety
Practices in the Workplace
1 (c)(1)(C) 8000
8. Supervised Agricultural Experience
Activities
2 (c)(1)(E) 8000, 8001
8002B, 8502
SAEP-J
261-A, 261-S
B. Recognize the Importance, Scope, and
Benefits of the Horticulture Industry
3
1. Explain the Importance of the
Horticulture Industry
1 (c)(1)(A)
(c)(1)(E)
8260-B
2. Assess the Scope of the Horticulture
Industry
1 (c)(1)(A)
(c)(1)(E)
8260-C?- 4 -
Units and Topics of Instruction
Suggested
Hours of
Instruction
§119.24
TEKS
Alignment to
Curriculum
Material
3. Describe the Environmental and
Psychological Benefits of Plants
1 (c)(1)(A)
(c)(1)(E)
8455-A
C. Classify and Identify Plants Used in
Ornamental Horticulture
6
1. Identify Plant Characteristics Used to
Classify Plants
3 (c)(2)(A) 8454-A
2. Use Plant Characteristics to Identify
Plants
3 (c)(2)(A) 8454-B
D. Recognize Plant Propagation Techniques
Related to Horticulture
8
1. Identify Plant Structures and Their
Functions
2 (c)(2)(B) 8456-A
2. Recognize Plant Physiological
Processes
2 (c)(2)(B) 8456-B
3. Demonstrate Plant Propagation
Techniques Utilized in Horticulture
4 (c)(2)(B)
(c)(2)(D)
8459-E
E. Identify Structures and Equipment Used in
Horticulture
3
1. Select Structures for Growing
Horticultural Plants
1 (c)(2)(C)
(c)(2)(D)
8933-B
2. Identify and Utilize Hand and Power
Tools and Equipment Used in
Horticulture
1 (c)(4)(A)
(c)(4)(B)
8175-A
3. Maintain and Repair Structures and
Equipment Used in Horticulture
1 (c)(4)(A) 8175-B
F. Apply Safe Work Practices in Horticulture 3
1. Recognize Personal Safety Measures 1 (c)(1)(C) 8176-A?- 5 -
Units and Topics of Instruction
Suggested
Hours of
Instruction
§119.24
TEKS
Alignment to
Curriculum
Material
2. Use Safety Practices in Selecting,
Applying, Storing, and Disposing
Chemicals
1 (c)(1)(C)
(c)(3)(B)
8176-B
3. Use Safety Practices in Selecting,
Operating, and Maintaining Tools and
Equipment
1 (c)(1)(C)
(c)(4)(A)
(c)(4)(B)
8176-C
G. Recognize the Requirements for Growing
Horticultural Plants
12
1. Identify and Select Plant Containers 2 (c)(2)(D) 8459-G
2. Select and Mix Growing Media
Components
2 (c)(2)(D) 8459-F
3. Transplant and Repot Container
Plants
2 (c)(2)(D) 8458-A
4. Water and Fertilize Plants 2 (c)(2)(D) 8459-I
5. Identify the Environmental
Requirements of Plants
2 (c)(2)(C)
(c)(2)(D)
8459-H
6. Identify and Control Plant Pests 2 (c)(3)(A) 8459-J
H. Design, Install, and Maintain Landscape
Sites
8
1. Recognize the Elements and
Principles of Landscape Design
2 (c)(2)(F) 8459-C
2. Prepare Landscape Designs 2 (c)(2)(F) 8459-D
3. Establish Plants and Turf Areas in the
Landscape
2 (c)(2)(F) 8170-D
4. Maintain Landscape and Turf Areas 2 (c)(2)(F) 8170-F?- 6 -
Units and Topics of Instruction
Suggested
Hours of
Instruction
§119.24
TEKS
Alignment to
Curriculum
Material
I. Create Floral Designs 8
1. Recognize the Elements and
Principles of Floral Design
2 (c)(2)(E) 8459-A
2. Prepare Floral Designs Using Fresh
Cut, Silk, and Dried Flowers
3 (c)(2)(E) 8459-B
3. Develop Floral Designs for Holidays,
Banquets, and Other Special
Occasions
3 (c)(2)(E) 8950-A
J. Grow Fruit, Nut, and Vegetable Crops 8
1. Recognize the Requirements for
Growing Fruit and Nut Crops
4 (c)(2)(G) 8169-B
2. Discuss the Requirements for
Growing Vegetable Crops
4 (c)(2)(G) 8169-C
K. Develop Marketing and Management
Techniques for Operating a Horticulture
Business
6
1. Market Horticultural Plants and
Supplies
3 (c)(1)(A)
(c)(1)(E)
(c)(4)(C)
(c)(4)(D)
8174-A
2. Identify Factors Involved in the
Management of a Horticultural
Business
3 (c)(1)(A)
(c)(1)(E)
(c)(4)(C)
(c)(4)(D)
8174-B?- 7 -
INTRODUCTION TO HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES
AGRISCIENCE 261
UNIT A: EMPLOYABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL WORKER
IN THE MODERN WORKPLACE
Topic A-1: Career Development Relating to Entrepreneurship and Employment
Opportunities
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(1)(A), (c)(1)(D)
(c)(4)(C), (c)(4)(D)
Reference(s): 8000, 8178-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to discuss career and entrepreneurship opportunities in
agriculture-related occupations and the characteristics and skills demonstrated by effective
employees and employers.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. examine the elements and advantages of the free enterprise system;
2. explain the role of a small business in the free enterprise system;
3. discuss factors that motivate entrepreneurs and self-employment;
4. identify characteristics of a successful entrepreneur;
5. identify opportunities for business ownership;
6. explain the risk and profit motive factor;
7. explain the importance of the application of organizational policies and procedures;
8. identify ethical practices and responsibilities;
9. discuss career opportunities in agricultural related occupations and the need for continued
education for advancement;
10. identify effective methods to secure and terminate employment;
11. demonstrate effective written and oral skills;
12. follow through on assigned tasks;
13. demonstrate dependability and punctuality;
14. demonstrate productive work habit and attitude;
15. develop pride in the quality of work performed;
16. recognize the dignity of work;
17. develop skills in planning and organizing work;
18. apply required methods and sequences when performing tasks;
19. apply principles of time management and work simplification when performing assigned
tasks;
20. identify several types of career opportunities in horticulture;
21. describe the requirements of various careers in horticulture; and
22. explain the duties and responsibilities required of employees in horticulture careers.?- 8 -
Topic A-2: Resource Allocation
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(B)
Reference(s): 8000
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to discuss factors involved in evaluating and allocating
resources, and to demonstrate the consideration of these factors in completing tasks.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. select relevant goal-related activities and rank them in order of importance;
2. allocate time to activities;
3. understand, prepare, and follow schedules;
4. prepare and use budgets including making cost and revenue forecasts;
5. maintain detailed records and track budget performance for analysis and adjustment when
appropriate;
6. acquire, store, and distribute goods and resources in order to make best use of them;
7. assess knowledge and skills, and distribute work load accordingly; and
8. evaluate performance and provide feedback.
Topic A-3: Information Processing
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(B)
Reference(s): 8000
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to demonstrate knowledge and skills in using various
technologies to obtain, process, and distribute information.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. identify need for data, obtain it from existing sources, or create it and evaluate its relevance
and accuracy;
2. organize, process, and maintain written or computerized records and other forms of
information in a systematic fashion;
3. select and analyze information and communicate the results to others using oral, written,
graphic, pictorial, or multi-media methods in industry-appropriate terminology;
4. employ computers to acquire, organize, analyze, and communicate information; and
5. utilize appropriate mathematical operations.
Topic A-4: Interpersonal Relations
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(B)
Reference(s): 8000
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to discuss interpersonal skills required of co-workers,
and to demonstrate the use of those skills in the learning environment.?- 9 -
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. work cooperatively with others and contribute to the group with ideas, suggestions, and
effort;
2. help others learn;
3. work and communicate with clients/customers to satisfy their expectations;
4. communicate thoughts, feelings, facts, and ideas to justify a position, encourage, persuade,
convince, or otherwise motivate individuals and groups including responsibly challenging
existing procedures, policies, and authority;
5. negotiate an agreement that may involve exchanging specific resources or resolving divergent
interests; and
6. recognize concepts related to cultural diversity, and work well with others regardless of their
age and ethnic, social, or educational backgrounds.
Topic A-5: Social, Organizational, and Technological Systems
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(B)
Reference(s): 8000
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to discuss the interaction and function of social,
organizational, and technological systems.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. distinguish trends, predict impact of actions on system operations, diagnose deviations in the
function of the system/organization, and take necessary action to improve performance; and
2. make suggestions to modify existing system(s) to improve products or services, and develop
new or alternative systems.
Topic A-6: Selection and Application of Technology
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(B)
Reference(s): 8000
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to identify factors to consider when evaluating,
adopting, and using new and emerging technologies.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. determine which set of procedures, tools, machines, including computers and their programs,
and other technologies will produce the desired results;
2. apply the proper procedures for setting up and operating appropriate technologies;
3. examine the benefits of adopting new technology in agricultural applications; and
4. prevent, identify, and solve problems in using machines, computers, and other technologies.?- 10 -
Topic A-7: Personal and Occupational Safety Practices in the Workplace
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(C)
Reference(s): 8000
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to demonstrate knowledge and skills of applicable
safety policies and procedures.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. locate sources of information regarding relevant safety policies and regulations;
2. identify proper safety procedures; and
3. apply safe working practices to all training/working situations.
Topic A-8: Supervised Agricultural Experience Activities
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(1)(E)
Reference(s): 8000, 8001
8002B, 8502
SAEP-J, 261-A
261-S
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to discuss the importance of supervised agricultural
experience programs.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. identify types of supervised agricultural experience activities;
2. describe characteristics of successful supervised agricultural experience programs;
3. select, plan, and conduct supervised agricultural experience activities; and
4. prepare and maintain accurate management and accounting records.
UNIT B: RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE, SCOPE, AND BENEFITS OF THE
HORTICULTURE INDUSTRY
Topic B-1: Explain the Importance of the Horticulture Industry
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(A), (c)(1)(E)
Reference(s): 8260-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to develop an awareness of the importance of the
horticulture industry to society.?- 11 -
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. discuss the importance of horticulture to society;
2. explain the values of vegetables and fruits in the daily diets of individuals;
3. describe the aesthetic value of horticulture;
4. list several horticultural-related recreational activities;
5. explain the importance of horticulture education; and
6. describe ways in which the horticulture industry is economically valuable to society.
Topic B-2: Assess the Scope of the Horticulture Industry
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(A), (c)(1)(E)
Reference(s): 8260-C
Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to develop a realization of the scope of the horticulture
industry in the world today.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. assess the scope of the horticulture industry in the United States and in other countries;
2. explain why intensive cultivation is an important aspect in the production of horticultural
crops;
3. discuss two purposes that exist for producing horticultural crops; and
4. identify six commercial areas of the horticulture industry.
Topic B-3: Describe the Environmental and Psychological Benefits of Plants
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(A), (c)(1)(E)
Reference(s): 8455-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to develop an awareness of the environmental and
psychological benefits of plants to humankind.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. explain how plants are effective in the protection of the environment and preservation of
natural resources;
2. describe how plants and flowers have been used throughout history to express thoughts,
emotions, and the spirit of holidays and special occasions;
3. explain the idea that plants have a positive impact on the thoughts and actions of people; and
4. discuss the impact plants have in the improvement of human health.?- 12 -
UNIT C: CLASSIFY AND IDENTIFY PLANTS USED IN ORNAMENTAL
HORTICULTURE
Topic C-1: Identify Plant Characteristics Used to Classify Plants
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 3 TEKS: (c)(2)(A)
Reference(s): 8454-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to learn and identify plant characteristics used to
classify plants.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. recognize the origins and meanings of the scientific names of plants;
2. explain the advantages of naming plants scientifically;
3. properly write and use plant scientific names;
4. classify plants based on life cycle, growth habit, size, form, and foliage retention; and
5. utilize the characteristics of plant leaves, flowers, buds, and stems to identify plants.
Topic C-2: Use Plant Characteristics to Identify Plants
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 3 TEKS: (c)(2)(A)
Reference(s): 8454-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to identify many types of greenhouse and nursery
plants that are cultivated in the horticulture industry.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. identify greenhouse crops produced for cut flowers;
2. recognize greenhouse crops produced as potted flowering plants;
3. identify bulb crops produced for their flowers;
4. recognize a variety of tropical foliage plants;
5. identify cultivars of plants produced as bedding plants; and
6. recognize a variety of ornamental trees, shrubs, vines, ground covers, and herbaceous
perennials produced as nursery crops.
UNIT D: RECOGNIZE PLANT PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES RELATED TO
HORTICULTURE
Topic D-1: Identify Plant Structures and Their Functions
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(B)
Reference(s): 8456-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to identify the roots, stems, leaves and reproductive
structures of plants and become familiar with their functions.?- 13 -
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe the structure and function of plant roots;
2. identify the structure of plant stems and discuss their function;
3. identify examples of plant stem modifications;
4. describe the structure and functions of leaves;
5. identify examples of modified leaves;
6. identify the structure and functions of plant reproductive structures; and
7. recognize examples of fruits and seeds.
Topic D-2: Recognize Plant Physiological Processes
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(B)
Reference(s): 8456-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with the plant physiological
processes of transpiration, photosynthesis, translocation, respiration, and reproduction.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe the process of transpiration and its importance to plant growth;
2. recognize the importance of photosynthesis and how it affects plant growth;
3. explain the process of translocation and its occurrence within plants;
4. describe the importance of respiration and its effect on plant growth; and
5. explain the importance of pollination and fertilization and their roles in the process of plant
reproduction.
Topic D-3: Demonstrate Plant Propagation Techniques Utilized in Horticulture
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 4 TEKS: (c)(2)(B), (c)(2)(D)
Reference(s): 8459-E
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to recognize and demonstrate methods of propagation
used in horticulture.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. recognize the advantages and disadvantages of sexual or seed propagation;
2. explain asexual or vegetative propagation and its advantages;
3. identify stem cuttings, leaf-bud cuttings, leaf cuttings, and root cuttings;
4. recognize the asexual propagation methods of layering, separation and division, budding and
grafting, and tissue culture; and
5. propagate horticulture plants using sexual and asexual propagation techniques.?- 14 -
UNIT E: IDENTIFY STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT USED IN
HORTICULTURE
Topic E-1: Select Structures for Growing Horticultural Plants
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(2)(C), (c)(2)(D)
Reference(s): 8933-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with the types of structures used in
the production of horticultural plants.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. list six factors that influence the size of greenhouses used to produce horticultural plants;
2. describe the types and uses of greenhouses;
3. label the parts of an even span greenhouse;
4. discuss the purposes of coldframes;
5. explain the use of hotbeds in the production of horticultural plants;
6. describe why lathhouses are useful for container-grown nursery plants; and
7. explain how to use hot caps on field plants.
Topic E-2: Identify and Utilize Hand and Power Tools and Equipment Used in Horticulture
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(4)(A), (c)(4)(B)
Reference(s): 8175-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to identify and properly use tools and equipment for
performing horticultural tasks.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. identify and properly use hand tools and equipment for landscaping and plant production;
2. recognize the proper use of small power equipment and large power equipment in
landscaping and plant production;
3. identify and properly use drawing tools for preparing landscape designs; and
4. recognize and properly use cutting tools for preparing floral designs.
Topic E-3: Maintain and Repair Structures and Equipment Used in Horticulture
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(4)(A)
Reference(s): 8175-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with the importance and the
procedures for maintaining and repairing horticultural tools, equipment, and structures.?- 15 -
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. explain the importance of properly maintaining and repairing horticultural tools and
equipment;
2. describe techniques for maintaining hand tools, small power tools, and large power
equipment; and
3. describe the maintenance of greenhouse structures and equipment.
UNIT F: APPLY SAFE WORK PRACTICES IN HORTICULTURE
Topic F-1: Recognize Personal Safety Measures
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(C)
Reference(s): 8176-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to gain an awareness of personal safety measures that
apply to horticulture.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. name several factors to consider in developing good personal safety habits;
2. describe ways to avoid unsafe conditions and prevent unsafe actions;
3. describe the proper techniques for safely handling and lifting materials; and
4. explain the importance of dressing appropriately and wearing protective clothing when
performing certain tasks.
Topic F-2: Use Safety Practices in Selecting, Applying, Storing, and Disposing Chemicals
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(C), (c)(3)(B)
Reference(s): 8176-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to develop an awareness of the safety practices that
apply to selecting, applying, storing, and disposing chemicals.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic,(s) the student shall be able to:
1. recognize the importance of reading safety labels on chemical products;
2. identify signal words on the labels of chemicals that indicate chemical toxicity;
3. describe the guidelines for handling and mixing chemicals;
4. describe the guidelines for storing and disposing chemicals; and
5. recognize the proper procedures for disposing unused chemicals and empty chemical
containers.?- 16 -
Topic F-3: Use Safety Practices in Selecting, Operating, and Maintaining Tools and
Equipment
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 1 TEKS: (c)(1)(C), (c)(4)(A), (c)(4)(B)
Reference(s): 8176-C
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to develop an awareness of the safety practices that
apply to selecting, operating, and maintaining hand tools, small power tools, and large equipment.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe common causes of hand tool injuries;
2. describe safety precautions for using hand tools;
3. explain the proper safety precautions for using electrical and gasoline power tools; and
4. describe safety precautions that apply when working with or near large power tools and
equipment.
UNIT G: RECOGNIZE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWING
HORTICULTURAL PLANTS
Topic G-1: Identify and Select Plant Containers
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(D)
Reference(s): 8459-G
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with the common types of plant
containers used in horticulture.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. compare similar features among containers used as plant containers;
2. describe the features of clay and plastic containers and the advantages and disadvantages of
using each type as plant containers;
3. differentiate between standard, azalea, and pan sizes of round containers;
4. identify the various types of peat and plastic containers used in bedding plant production;
5. identify container types used for hanging plants and nursery plants; and
6. demonstrate the proper technique for cleaning and disinfecting plant containers.
Topic G-2: Select and Mix Growing Media Components
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(D)
Reference(s): 8459-F
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to select and mix growing media components.?- 17 -
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. define growing medium;
2. explain the functions of a plant growing medium;
3. identify the various types of growing medium components and describe the function of each;
4. compare various types of commercially available growing media;
5. describe the procedure for preparing and mixing a plant growing medium; and
6. mix growing medium components together to create a plant growing medium.
Topic G-3: Transplant and Repot Container Plants
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(D)
Reference(s): 8458-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to transplant and repot container plants.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. explain the importance and need to transplant and repot container plants;
2. demonstrate the procedure for properly transplanting and repotting container plants; and
3. describe plant care requirements after transplanting and repotting container plants.
Topic G-4: Water and Fertilize Plants
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(D)
Reference(s): 8459-I
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with the importance and need for
watering and fertilizing plants.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe the functions of water and its importance in plant growth and development;
2. explain the functions of water in the growing medium surrounding plant roots and how it
affects plant growth;
3. identify several factors that a grower considers in determining which method of irrigation to
use;
4. identify manual, tube, surface, aerial, and drip irrigation as methods used to water
horticulture plants;
5. name the sixteen essential elements or nutrients required for proper plant growth and
development;
6. explain the importance of fertilization in plant growth and development; and
7. describe several methods used to apply fertilizers to horticultural plants.?- 18 -
Topic G-5: Identify the Environmental Requirements of Plants
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(C), (c)(2)(D)
Reference(s): 8459-H
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to recognize environmental factors and their effects on
plant growth and development.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. explain the impacts of a favorable environment on plant growth;
2. recognize the importance of light and how its quality, quantity, and duration affect plant
growth;
3. describe why water is an important environmental requirement for plant growth;
4. explain the effects that temperature has on plant growth; and
5. describe how humidity affects plant growth.
Topic G-6: Identify and Control Plant Pests
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(3)(A)
Reference(s): 8459-J
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to identify common plant pests and determine effective
methods of control.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe a plant pest and how it affects plant growth and development;
2. identify several types of insect pests;
3. recognize plant disease symptoms caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasitic plants;
4. explain why weeds are considered plant pests; and
5. recognize cultural, mechanical/physical, biological, and chemical pest control methods as
measures for controlling plant pests.
UNIT H: DESIGN, INSTALL, AND MAINTAIN LANDSCAPE SITES
Topic H-1: Recognize the Elements and Principles of Landscape Design
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(F)
Reference(s): 8459-C
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to develop an awareness of the elements and principles
of landscape design.?- 19 -
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. recognize the elements of line, form, texture, and color and their effects in landscape design;
2. explain the importance of focalization in a landscape design;
3. describe how proportion and scale affect a landscape composition;
4. differentiate between symmetrical balance and asymmetrical balance in a landscape design;
and
5. recognize rhythm and sequence, order and unity, repetition, and interconnection in a
landscape design.
Topic H-2: Prepare Landscape Designs
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(F)
Reference(s): 8459-D
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to prepare landscape designs using the elements and
principles of design.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe the importance of a landscape design and the steps involved in preparing a landscape
design;
2. recognize the importance of determining client needs and analyzing the landscape site as the
first steps in preparing a landscape design;
3. develop a series of bubble diagrams for a landscape site;
4. identify and design the public, private, and service areas of a landscape site;
5. identify and use graphic symbols and lettering to represent plant materials and hardscape
structures in preparing a preliminary landscape design and the final plan; and
6. evaluate the final design prepared for a landscape site.
Topic H-3: Establish Plants and Turf Areas in the Landscape
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(F)
Reference(s): 8170-D
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to learn the proper techniques of site preparation and
landscape plant installation.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. explain why site preparation is important before installing plants and turfgrass on a landscape
site;
2. describe landscape site preparation tasks;
3. explain the importance of properly installing plants and turfgrass on a landscape site;
4. discuss the techniques for installing plants and turfgrass on a landscape site;
5. describe the importance and techniques of providing post-planting care for plants and
turfgrass; and
6. properly prepare a landscape site and install plants and turfgrass on the site.?- 20 -
Topic H-4: Maintain Landscape and Turf Areas
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(F)
Reference(s): 8170-F
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with techniques of maintaining
landscape and turf areas.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. discuss methods of watering landscape plants;
2. describe effective and efficient watering practices used in watering landscape plants;
3. explain the importance of pruning landscape plants;
4. describe the methods and techniques used to prune landscape plants;
5. explain the importance of properly mowing turfgrass in the landscape;
6. discuss the proper methods and heights for mowing turfgrass in the landscape; and
7. properly maintain landscape and turf areas.
UNIT I: CREATE FLORAL DESIGNS
Topic I-1: Recognize the Elements and Principles of Floral Design
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 2 TEKS: (c)(2)(E)
Reference(s): 8459-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with the elements and principles of
floral design used to create floral arrangements.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. identify the design elements of line, form, texture, and color and their effects in floral
arrangements; and
2. describe the design elements of focal point, balance, proportion, rhythm, and unity in a floral
arrangement.
Topic I-2: Prepare Floral Designs Using Fresh Cut, Silk, and Dried Flowers
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 3 TEKS: (c)(2)(E)
Reference(s): 8459-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to use fresh cut, silk, and dried flowers in creating
floral designs.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. select flowers, foliage, and materials for creating floral designs;
2. wire plant materials and construct bows as needed for preparing floral pieces or
arrangements; and
3. create various types of floral pieces and arrangements using fresh cut, silk, and dried flowers
and plant materials.?- 21 -
Topic I-3: Develop Floral Designs for Holidays, Banquets, and Other Special Occasions
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 3 TEKS: (c)(2)(E)
Reference(s): 8950-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become familiar with various types of floral designs
used for holidays, banquets, and special occasions and to design floral arrangements appropriate for
these occasions.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. discuss the functions of floral designs for holidays, seasonal occasions, banquets, weddings,
funerals, and churches;
2. identify and discuss the types of plant materials that should be used to carry out the themes
and traditions of the holidays, banquets, and special occasions;
3. discuss standard rules and regulations of procedure which must be considered when
designing some arrangements;
4. identify the more common floral pieces and arrangements used for weddings, funerals, and
churches; and
5. prepare designs which satisfy the specifications of the occasions.
UNIT J: GROW FRUIT, NUT, AND VEGETABLE CROPS
Topic J-1: Recognize the Requirements for Growing Fruit and Nut Crops
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 4 TEKS: (c)(2)(G)
Reference(s): 8169-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to learn the requirements for growing fruit and nut
crops.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. identify types of fruit and nut crops;
2. describe the cultural requirements for growing fruit and nut crops; and
3. grow fruit and nut crops.
Topic J-2: Discuss the Requirements for Growing Vegetable Crops
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 4 TEKS: (c)(2)(G)
Reference(s): 8169-C
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to learn the requirements for growing vegetable crops.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. identify types of vegetable crops;
2. describe the cultural requirements for growing vegetable crops; and
3. grow vegetable crops.?- 22 -
UNIT K: DEVELOP MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
OPERATING A HORTICULTURE BUSINESS
Topic K-1: Market Horticultural Plants and Supplies
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 3 TEKS: (c)(1)(A), (c)(1)(E)
(c)(4)(C), (c)(4)(D)
Reference(s): 8174-A
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become aware of the aspects involved in marketing
horticultural plants and supplies.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe methods of labeling horticultural plants and supplies;
2. explain the pricing of horticultural plants and supplies;
3. describe methods for displaying horticultural plants and supplies; and
4. identify methods used to advertise horticultural plants and supplies.
Topic K-2: Identify Factors Involved in the Management of a Horticultural Business
Suggested Hours of Instruction: 3 TEKS: (c)(1)(A), (c)(1)(E)
(c)(4)(C), (c)(4)(D)
Reference(s): 8174-B
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to become aware of the aspects involved in managing a
horticultural business.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic(s), the student shall be able to:
1. describe managerial duties that lead to developing a successful business;
2. recognize the importance of record keeping in managing a horticultural business; and
3. identify the types of records that are used in horticultural businesses.